Your intestinal lining could be producing mucus because your gut is inflamed. He has written over 300 articles about ingredients and their benefits for the skin, hair, and health. Question posted by Dawnskids on 24 Oct 2018, Last updated on 24 October 2018 by Stephen Treloar, Been taking it for about a week and a half and my stools are very light almost like a yellow. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could Since it is tropical and their is false sarsaparilla, I am not sure whom is reputable. Can Some such drugs may include (12): Since milk thistle affects how well the liver breaks down these medications, it can affect how well these medications can work. not orange but a bright yellow thats dark if that make senselike. Domestic Orders $75+. Doctors typically provide answers within 24 hours. then occult stool blood testing (small amount of blood that does not cause the color of stool to change much) can be done. Gallbladder problems, liver problems and digestive disorders like celiac disease can sometimes be responsible. Your poop should be that color brown. However, its best use will be for the liver. Intake of milk thistle causes diarrhea which can further lead to other serious problems. Read More. Normal healthy stool is a dark brown color. Although few consider bowel movement color to be a red flag of liver disease in and of itself, being aware of a persistent color change can be one of the first indications that your liver health should be evaluated by your physician. It can also be found in Southern Russia and Asia Minor. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with If stool is red, maroon, black, clay-colored, pale, yellow, or green this may . The problem: where to buy from a reputable store source. Black or tarry stool can be a sign of blood in your gastrointestinal (GI) tract. You should notify your healthcare provider if constipation lasts longer than two weeks. Theres some evidence that milk thistle can treat cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis, which can be caused by alcohol abuse, autoimmune disease, or viruses. jaundice. Giardia infection is one possible cause of yellow stools. Milk Thistle, PDQ Cancer Information Summaries, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Milk thistle can also be taken with cholesterol-lowering medications, like statins. In fact, it's so effective you can take milk thistle for liver disease, such as cirrhosis and hepatitis. Continue reading. Dry, hard stools have been there for too long, while mushy, watery stools are passing through too quickly. It can help prevent elevation of liver enzymes, which can be a side effect of the medication. You might also get the herb at your nearest supermarket/pharmacy. Put 1 tablespoon (medium) or 2 tablespoons (strong) of this tea into 20 ounces of distilled water. The main causes of dark stool are: Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding, which can be from an infection, medication, trauma (like a car accident), or lesions of the blood vessels. Such changes in stool color can be due to indigestion,more rapid transit of contents through the gut so that the bile is not completely digested. It's highly recommended to consult your doctor before you talk the extract for fear of milk thistle interactions. You will also be missing out on fat soluble vitamins like vitamins A, D, E and K2, as well as fat soluble antioxidants like lycopene and lutein. Super Tips to Boost Digestive Health: Bloating, Constipation, and More. Silymarin is an antioxidant compound taken from milk thistle seeds. The stool in this type of bleeding may be dark red or maroon in color. Check if they have been certified organic following U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) regulations. But experts say that the evidence isnt conclusive. This is due to the presence of bile in the stool. On the other hand, using antacids that . Ingestion of very high-fat foods also can cause yellow, soft, and foul-smelling stools. Use herbal gastrointestinal remedies like ginger, turmeric, milk thistle, mint, and slippery elm to quickly re-balance the . It can also lead to stomach upset and allergies. You will know it when your lips and face started to swell, you feel itchy all over, and you may suddenly start to feel the difficulty of breathing. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on I am thinking the milk thistle is doing it's job. associated with abdominal pain unless the tumor is large. It is native to the Mediterranean area. Agree or disagree? Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Milk thistle usually does not change the color of stool, although there are many different supplements available and it is possible that there is another ingredient in your supplement that is to blame. This can occur as a result of diseases of the pancreas that reduce delivery of digestive enzymes to the intestines (pancreatic insufficiency), such as: Celiac disease: Another condition that possibly may cause yellow and greasy stool is celiac disease (a malabsorption syndrome). Does anyone know exactly what glutathione is? Medical conditions that can cause dark, tar-like stools include duodenal or gastric ulcers, esophageal varices and gastritis. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Some research also states that overall, milk thistle may not pose a great risk for drug interactions in humans (13). Research on milk thistle use for specific conditions shows: Milk thistle might play a role in treating certain liver conditions. Taking Care Of Your Liver, Copyright 2005-2021 - All Rights Reserved - HealthifyBody.com. This can lead to bulky, yellow, and greasy stools. Merlin Annie Raj, RD (Registered Dietitian), Merlin Annie Raj is a Registered Dietitian based out of Hyderabad, India. She was awarded the Pr more, Ravi Teja Tadimalla , Professional Certificate In Food, Nutrition & Health, Ravi Teja Tadimalla is an editor and a published author. Always have a look at your bowel actionsto observe their color and consistency. If bleeding occurs in the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine, the stool may turn black and sticky, and be described medically as black, tarry stool (melena). Click here for additional information. Click to reveal It also acts as a deodorizer and helps to prevent your poop from being overly smelly. Shades of Red. If you had red beets, Swiss chard, spinach, kale, Oreos, Nutella, black licorice, red-purple fruit juices or candy or other foods that color stools, then consider waiting a couple of days to see if your stool returns to its normal brown color. [1] Herbal Remedies. Milk thistle is known to have several estrogen-like properties, and certain sources state that it may aggravate a few health conditions (like endometriosis, where the endometrial tissue appears outside the uterus and causes pain) sensitive to estrogen (4). An allergic reaction is more common in people who are allergic to other plants in the Asteraceae family, such as ragweed, daisies, marigolds and chrysanthemums. When stool passes through the intestines rapidly (diarrhea), there may be little time for bilirubin to undergo its usual chemical changes, and stool can appear green in appearance due to rapid transit. If your stool looks green all the time, it could be because youre not breaking down and digesting vegetables adequately. does milk thistle change the color of your stool Call us today! Symptoms of abdominal pain, lightheadedness, or dizziness (from losing too much blood) may Steps to Take, Closer to a Cancer Cure? (temporary). #2. so I thought I would go back on it . People who dont produce enough bile can have these problems. It is designed to support bone development, reduce the risk of constipation and hard stool. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. It could be anything from a vitamin B12 deficiency to a symptom of anemia. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/milk-thistle. Monk Fruit: Nutrition, Benefits, And Side Monk Fruit: Nutrition, Benefits, And Side Effects, Seitan Nutrition Benefits, Side Effects, & How To Make It, 8 Disadvantages Of Coconut Water You Should Be Aware Of, 15 Side Effects Of Whey Protein You Should Be Aware Of, 12 Health Benefits Of Milk Thistle, Nutrition, & Side Effects, 14 Health Benefits Of Artichoke, Nutrition, & Side Effects, 8 Benefits Of Burdock Root, Nutritional Facts, & Side Effects. The change of stool color to gray or clay typically occurs gradually as these medical conditions progress relatively slowly and stool becomes pale over time. Product Description: Illuma 2 is our new advanced baby formula. Your stool is supposed to be soft and easily passed. Milk Thistle information for Healthcare Professionals. For information, you may visit this site:https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplem 1. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Your IP: Answer: That's a great question and one everyone has thought about at some point. http://altmedicine.about.com/od/gettingdiagnosed/a/stools.htm, Healthy and Unhealthy Stool, Cathy Wong, Retrieved November 18, 2012, about.com, 2012. http://women.webmd.com/pharmacist-11/digestive-problems, The Scoop on Poop, Retrieved November 18, 2012, WebMD, Inc., 2012. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/white-stool/AN01724, White Stool: Should I Be Concerned?, Michael F. Picco, MD, Retrieved November 18, 2012, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2012. http://www.medicinenet.com/bleeding_varices/article.htm#what_are_the_symptoms_of_bleeding_varices, Digestive Problems and Bleeding Varices, Retrieved November 18, 2012, MedicineNet, Inc, 2012. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003129.htm, Stools Pale or clay-colored, Retrieved November 18, 2012, A.D.A.M., Inc., 2012. http://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/fix-stomach-problems, Before Your Flush, Retrieved November 17, 2012, Rodale Inc., 2012. If your stools regularly look greasy, it is probably because you are not digesting fat properly. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Intestinal Para Cleanse capsules help to kill parasitic gut infections. However, it is important not to self diagnose. Silymarin, a Promising Pharmacological Agent for Treatment of Diseases, Iranian University of Medical Sciences, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. However, if you develop an allergic reaction after taking milk thistle, stop use and consult your doctor. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health Having said that, normal stool should be formed and be dark brown. The liver is damaged and can't break down bilirubin. Generally, changes in stool color that are transient, for example, once or twice, and then return to healthy stool color are not as important as persistent or recurrent changes. He graduated from SRM University, Chennai, and has a Professional Certificate in Food, Nutrition & Research from Wageningen University. In addition to her acupuncture practice that focuses on stress and pain relief, digestion, immunity and oncology, Nicole contributes to the integration of healthcare by writing articles for professional massage therapists and people living with liver disease. It is also hypoallergenic and has no reported case of drug interaction except for some contraceptives. Nicole Cutler, L.Ac., MTCM is a long time advocate of integrating perspectives on health. Instead, awareness of stool hue can help people recognize when a new color occurs frequently. flow of bile causes backup of bile into the blood resulting in yellowness of The stomach might get upset frequently. For example, eating a lot of green, leafy vegetables can turn your poop green. Only rarely does stool color indicate a potentially serious intestinal condition. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of How this happens is yet to be studied. However, Hence, limit its usage if you experience any adverse reactions. This supplement's clinically proven dosage is 420mg spread evenly across the day and consumed 2-3 times. Any suggestion? Researchers also have found that milk thistle improved insulin resistance, a key part of type 2 diabetes. Greasy stools can sometimes float, look frothy and have a foul-smelling odor. Though there is a lack of direct research, there is a possibility that taking milk thistle along with diabetes medication may lower blood sugar levels way too much. Generally, pale stools mean that the body isn't secreting enough bile to give it the characteristic brown color. "There's always going to be a reason," says Christine . The best doses of milk thistle have not been established for any condition it may be used to treat. Glutamine supplementation can be found in our Ultimate Gut Health Powder. I take milk thistle and sam-e. does help the liver? I think it does. Many people will find the idea of checking their bowel actions a little grossor distasteful, but its worth doing. Eating excessive amounts of green foods, foods with green or purple dyes, and vegetables also can cause stool color to turn more green than normal. Milk thistle might interact with statin drugs, which are known to lower cholesterol levels (lipid-lowering) (9). Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. Herbalists have know about the long list of milk thistle benefits for over 1,000 years. usually is associated with pain on the right side of the abdomen. Milk thistle sometimes causes a laxative effect. By lowering LDL "bad" cholesterol levels, milk thistle may lower the chance of developing heart disease. It is also hypoallergenic and has no reported case of drug interaction except for some contraceptives. Some people claim it can help to treat: cirrhosis. Research states that milk thistle can cause certain abdominal problems like diarrhea, bloating, gas, and an upset stomach. Milk thistle can cause an allergic reaction, including a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). food dyes (especially red, green, purple), obstruction of the pancreatic duct that carries the enzymes to the intestines (most commonly due to, Symptoms of stool color changes are usually related to the underlying cause and often there are no accompanying symptoms. color. Possibly. Sometimes people taking medication for reflux and heartburn can have stool that is more on the yellow spectrum. cancer of the bile duct or cancer of the head of pancreas, which also can cause If stool color changes only happen once or twice (are transient) they are less of a concern than those that are persistent. Does it help detox the liver? People with diabetes often have high cholesterol. Can I take milk thistle if I'm lactose intolerant. Accessed Oct. 30, 2020. But in most cases, green poop is a sign that something isn't quite right with digestion. To learn more, please visit our. If stool is red, maroon, black, clay-colored, pale, yellow, or green this may signify a problem. Get prescriptions or refills through a video chat, if the doctor feels the prescriptions are medically appropriate. Stool color is generally influenced by what you eat as well as by the amount of bile a yellow-green fluid that digests fats in . People mainly use the supplement to treat . I started taking the supplement on a steady basis about a week ago and yesterday had several drinks throughout the day (also drank a TON of water due to thirst). Accessed Oct. 30, 2020. Possible side effects include gastroenteritis, diarrhea, headache, and skin reactions. Your stool should soon return to its normal color. The shape of your stool is largely determined by the length of time it spends in your colon. ( 5) 6. The green plant pigment chlorophyll is cleansing and detoxifying to your body and I encourage you to make raw vegetable juices regularly. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Other less common side effects are nausea, diarrhea, indigestion, intestinal gas, bloating, fullness or pain, and loss of appetite. According to Yale gastroenterologist Anish Sheth, MD, the author of Whats Your Poo Telling You?, what comes out tells you a lot about whats going on inside. Although there are several different factors determining what stool looks like, color is one of the most important indicators of an imbalance somewhere in the body. This could be because of the constant depletion of water, especially in the brain, when you're having very loose bowel movements. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen sometimes is done to look more closely at any obstructive disease of the biliary or pancreatic ducts. like milk thistle? Natural Medicines. information highlighted below and resubmit the form. Accessed Oct. 30, 2020. People who are brave enough to peek in the bowl after elimination could learn a lot from what they are leaving behind including several possible indicators of subpar liver health. Select one or more newsletters to continue. For these, please consult a doctor (virtually or in person). The most common use of milk thistle is for liver problems. With a Bachelor's degree in Neuroscience from the University of Rochester and a Master's degree in Traditional Chinese Medicine from Five Branches Institute, Nicole has been a licensed acupuncturist since 2000. Hi, I take propranolol 10 mg for palpatations, is it ok to take milk thistle, and dida for candida? Milk thistle is sold as an oral capsule, tablet and liquid extract. Milk thistle. Some people also call it Mary thistle and holy thistle. Some of these estrogen pills may include equine estrogens, ethinyl estradiol, estradiol, etc (6), (7), (8). Save the high-quality PDF version on your device now. Can Milk Thistle Help People With Diabetes? Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a herb loaded with antioxidants and is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Moreover, large amounts of blood within the intestines speed up the transit of stool so that there is less time for the changes to take place. New Treatments That May Change the Game, The Latest Research on Advanced Prostate Cancer. Allergic reactions, abdominal problems, and estrogen and drug interactions are some of the common side effects seen in people who take this herb for extended durations. Review of Clinical Trials Evaluating Safety and Efficacy of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn. Select one or more newsletters to continue. I think milk thistle is your confounding factor, that is, an innocent bystander. https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com. Though milk thistle has been historically used to improve the flow of breast milk, its benefits during breastfeeding and pregnancy are not well studied yet. Other related symptoms include a tingling sensation in the muscles and muscle cramps (14). Milk thistle can trigger allergic reactions. Silymarin is believed to have antioxidant properties. Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit organization and proceeds from Web advertising help support our mission. Available for Android and iOS devices. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center: About Herbs: Milk thistle., Natural Standard Patient Monograph: Milk thistle.. The pale color may signify a condition (biliary obstruction) where the flow of bile to the intestine is obstructed, such as obstruction of the bile duct from a tumor or gallstone in the duct or nearby pancreas. tests the stool directly for blood with a dye (fecal occult blood test or FOBT). Also, if you have nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and have not been able to pass gas or stools, this could mean that there is an . Many civilized folk tend to avoid potty talk, regarding bodily functions as inappropriate topics for discussion. Diseases of the pancreas, malabsorption, celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, Liver or biliary disease, lack of bile in the stool. I'm surprised that milk thistle might be responsible as it is one of the very few herbal liver 'detoxifiers' or 'tonics' that is not in itself toxic to the liver and is even recommended as being safe for people with . Certain individuals might experience weakness with milk thistle. Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. Conditions such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures,diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis orcolon cancer may be responsible. Clay-colored or gray stools also are evaluated by gastroenterologists as well as surgeons. Regrettably, our discomfort in discussing bowel movements leads to a lack of knowledge on the subject, rendering many individuals unsure of what their stools appearance implies. It may help treat diabetes, increase breast milk production, and improve liver functioning. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which Longe, J., ed. Can i combinate strattera / modafinil with milk thistle? It is native to Mediterranean countries. Why Is Livatone Plus The World's Leading Liver Support Supplement? May Cause Abdominal Issues. Milk thistle is a biggie known for its detoxifying powers. Step 3: Take 2-3 Milk Thistle pills per day with meals. However I have not taken it for about a year or so before this time. The treatment for changes in stool color depends on the cause. LeanGuy said: This is an embarrasing thing. What Causes Changes in Stool Color, Form, or Texture? Nicole Cutler, L.Ac., MTCM, Dipl. Yellow stool as a result of undigested fat also may occur with no symptoms. Headaches are also one of the numerous detox symptoms caused by the elimination of toxins. When I discontinue, they go back to norma? Colon cancer can exhibit itself in several ways. Stool that is yellow may suggest the presence of undigested fat in the stool. It could interact with many drugs, including some that treat high cholesterol, infections, insomnia, and blood pressure. Sometimes stool that is very dark may indicate bleeding in the upper part of the digestive system, such as the stomach or esophagus. Your poop can look dark if youve overindulged in licorice or blueberries, or taken activated charcoal. Milk Thistle: Effects on Liver Disease and Cirrhosis and Clinical Adverse Effects: Summary, AHRQ Evidence Report Summeries, National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Milk thistle might also decrease hormone levels in the body (5). Interactions. HealthifyBody.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com, as well as other affiliate companies. Some do have allergic reactions to them too. The digestive enzymes released from the pancreas and into the intestines are necessary to help digest fat and other components of food (proteins, carbohydrates) in the intestines so that they can be absorbed into the body. The evaluation of changes in stool color typically begins with a thorough physical examination and personal medical history. Increase your intake of healthy fats, as well as fruits and vegetables, and add more cooling foods, such as beans and barley, which can help to bind your stool and improve gastrointestinal health. 1. Would it be okay to take spirulina and milk thistle together? Go to an emergency department. Some people have nausea, diarrhea, itching, and bloating. The Effects of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) on Human Cytochrome P450 Activity, Drug Metabolsim and Disposition, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Though there are some serious side effects associated with milk thistle, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of this herb provide several benefits for your health. Pancreatic enzymes 192.138.210.180 Perhaps you should, because it can give you vital clues about your state of health. Thank. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. Experts believe silymarin is the primary active ingredient of the herb. Diarrhea. But studies on heart benefits have only been done in people with diabetes. Tips on Getting Your Own Milk Thistle Supplements, Milk Thistle and Hepatitis C: How to Deal with the Latter More Efficiently, Benefits Of Milk Thistle. You might also note that the only person to benefit from this pill is the smil Looks nice as a flower. Ask your doctor for a stool test to check for parasites. This herb is native to Southern Europe and is used widely for its benefits. Family history of any cancers, particularly of the liver or pancreas, or bleeding problems may be helpful. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. However, a change in diet or the presence of some conditions can lead to a change in stool color. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. Learn more about the other negative effects of this herb and what research says about them. Yes, you can take milk thistle long term. As an organ with so many responsibilities ranging from chemical production, digestive assistant, cholesterol manufacturing and detoxification, the liver can shed hints of its wellness in a bowel movement. Its unclear if milk thistle has the same effects in people without diabetes. Milk thistle can be taken for detox. Milk Thistle. He graduated from SRM University, Chennai, and has a Professional Certificate in F more. who specializes in diseases of the digestive tract). There isn't enough reliable information available to know if milk thistle is safe to apply to the skin or inject into the body. Fatigue. Check out our. Sep 03, 2015. ", National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM): "Milk Thistle," Herbs at a Glance: Milk thistle., Medicinenet.com: "Generic Name: Milk Thistle Oral.". And while form, frequency, and odor are important indicators of bowel function, so is color. The most common cause of green colored stools is a high green vegetable intake; whether its green juices, smoothies or soups. Soy Protein Vs. Whey Protein: Pros And Con Soy Protein Vs. Whey Protein: Pros And Cons + Which Is Better. Generally, the black, tarry stool also is foul-smelling. As for self-care, it is important to recognize whether the change in stool color is persistent, recurrent, or transient Over-indulging in this powerful herb may do you more harm than you know. Milk thistle: early seeds of potential, The Lancet Oncology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. If you have breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, endometriosis or uterine fibroids, consider avoiding milk thistle. Been taking Colestipol since gallbladder removal 11/03/11, and still have massive problems with? require medical care more urgently. Your liver produces bile and your gallbladder stores and concentrates it. The material provided on this website is for information and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical treatment or diagnosis. The consumption of milk, starchy products, and eggs can cause stool to turn yellow and is typical in infants who are breast-fed. Take a milk thistle pill with every meal totaling 3 pills each day. She has gathered acupuncture licenses in the states of California and New York, is a certified specialist with the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association, has earned diplomat status with the National Commission of Chinese and Oriental Medicine in Acupuncture and Chinese Herbology and is a member of the Society for Integrative Oncology. Video chat with a U.S. board-certified doctor 24/7 in less than one minute for common issues such as: colds and coughs, stomach symptoms, bladder infections, rashes, and more. If we combine this information with your protected I have been taking Milk Thistle regularly for about a week and my stool is very black. Side effects. Learn more about natural remedies for type 2 diabetes. The same is true when your stool is a paler-than-normal colorit doesn't usually happen randomly. He will repeat in a month. Diagnostic testing to find the cause of changes in stool color typically start with blood tests including complete blood count Having lower levels of bile acids in your colon lowers your chances of having diarrhea if you have BAM. Stool color changes, depending on the color, can be harmless or an indication of a health problem, minor or serious. You should receive your email with links to the reports shortly. He has been in the digital media field for over eight years. Milk thistle is not recommended for children. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). do doctors recommend it? Fatigue. Some of these drugs may include Mevacor, Lescol, Zocor, Pravachol, and Baycol. Normal stool color can range from light yellow to brown to almost black. May be normal. certain vegetables with deep colors, green foods. Try searching for what you seek or ask your own question. Pale colored stools are one major tell tale sign of liver dysfunction and failure. This test is performed like an EGD except that during the test dye is injected into the biliary and pancreatic ducts to look with X-rays for obstruction of the ducts.
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